Part of George Parker’s genius was knowing the importance of the need to change. The button-filler pen was very successful for Parker, but he knew that eventually it would need to be replaced. In 1927 a Professor at the University of Wisconsin was granted a patent for a new filling mechanism. Because he was both having difficulty perfecting it, and financial resources were tight, he offered the patent to Parker. Parker also had the foresight to hire a designer, Joseph Platt, who both assisted with the design of the pen to house the new filling mechanism, and designed Parker’s new arrow trademark. Parker worked with Dupont which developed the laminated celluloid for the pen, and Parker quickly patented the design. Five years and over $125,000 later (in 1925 dollars!) Parker had the filling mechanism perfected and the fascinating new pen ready to test market! The model was called the Golden Arrow and test marketing started in 1932. It was extremely successful, despite the throws of the depression. Orders inundated the factory and the first production pieces were shipped in October. Less than a month later the name was changed to the Vacuum Filler. In June 1933 the name was once again changed, this time to Vacuumatic, a name which held for the next 15 years, when the line was phased out due to the great success of Parker’s next great innovation – the Parker 51!